China idafika pa Mars

WolembaJoey RouletteZasinthidwaMeyi 14, 2021, 8:50pm EDT

China idapeza maloboti ake oyamba pa Mars Lachisanu, atolankhani ogwirizana ndi bomazatsimikiziridwapa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kukhala dziko lachiwiri kuti lichite izi bwino pambuyo pogonjetsa kutsata kwachangu, kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri.Chombo cha m'mlengalenga cha Tianwen-1 cha dziko lino chinatulutsa mtolo wa rover-lander kuti chigwire Martian cha m'ma 7PM ET, ndikuyamba ntchito yophunzira zanyengo ndi geology ya Red Planet.

Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsa ulendo woyamba wodziyimira pawokha waku China kupita ku Mars, pafupifupi mamailosi 200 miliyoni kuchokera pa Dziko Lapansi.NASA yokha ndiyo idakwanitsa kutera ndikuyendetsa ma rovers padziko lapansi m'mbuyomu.(Zombo za m’mlengalenga za Soviet Union za Mars 3 zinatera papulaneti mu 1971 ndipo zinalankhulana kwa masekondi pafupifupi 20 kusanade mosayembekezeka.) Ntchito ya China, yokhudzana ndi zombo zitatu zogwirira ntchito limodzi, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa ulendo woyamba - ntchito yoyamba ya US, Viking 1. mu 1976, adangotenga woyendetsa ndege yemwe adatumizidwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wake.

Kuterako kunachitika ku Utopia Planitia, malo athyathyathya a Martian land komanso dera lomwelo pomwe Viking 2 wa NASA adafika mu 1976. Atakafika pansi, woyendetsa ndegeyo adzatsegula njira ndikuyika Zhurong rover yaku China, mawilo asanu ndi limodzi a solar- loboti yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yotchedwa mulungu wamoto m'nthano zakale za ku China.Rover imanyamula zida zam'mwamba, kuphatikiza makamera awiri, Mars-Rover Subsurface Exploration Radar, Mars Magnetic Field Detector, ndi Mars Meteorology Monitor.

Chombo cha Tianwen-1 chinayambika kuchokera ku Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site m'chigawo cha Hainan ku China pa July 23rd chaka chatha, ndikunyamuka ulendo wa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kupita ku Red Planet.Zombo zitatuzi "zakhala zikugwira ntchito bwino" kuyambira pomwe zidalowa m'mphepete mwa Mars mu February, China National Space Administration (CNSA) idatero Lachisanu m'mawa.Inasonkhanitsa “zochuluka” zazasayansi ndipo inajambula zithunzi za Mars ili m’njira yake.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Wang Zhao / AFP kudzera pa Getty Images

Tianwen-1 orbiter, yogwira mtolo wa rover-lander, yakhala ikuyang'ana malo otsetsereka a Utopia Planitia kwa miyezi yoposa itatu, ikuuluka pafupi ndi Mars maora 49 aliwonse mozungulira mozungulira (monga dzira lozungulira), malinga ndiAndrew Jones, mtolankhani wofotokoza zochitika za ku China mumlengalenga.

Tsopano ili pamtunda wa Martian, Zhurong rover iyamba ntchito ya miyezi yosachepera itatu yophunzira zanyengo ndi geology ya Mars.

"Ntchito yayikulu ya Tianwen-1 ndikuchita kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso wozama padziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito orbiter, ndikutumiza rover kupita kumalo okonda zasayansi kuti ifufuze mwatsatanetsatane molondola komanso mwachidziwitso," asayansi apamwamba a mission.analemba muNature Astronomychaka chatha.Rover ya 240kg ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kulemera kwa Yutu Moon rover yaku China.

Tianwen-1 ndi dzina la ntchito yonse ya ku Mars, yotchedwa "Tianwen," yomwe imatanthauza "Mafunso Opita Kumwamba."Zikuwonetsa zaposachedwa kwambiri motsatizana mwachangu pakufufuza zakuthambo ku China.Dzikoli lidakhala dziko loyamba m'mbirikutera ndikugwiritsa ntchito roverkumbali yakutali ya Mwezi mu 2019. Inamalizanso amwachidule ntchito yoyendera mwezimu Disembala chaka chatha, ndikuyambitsa loboti ku Mwezi ndikuibwezeranso ku Earth ndi cache ya miyala ya Mwezi kuti iwunikenso.

 Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi STR / AFP kudzera pa Getty Images

Posachedwapa, dziko la China linayambitsa gawo loyamba la malo ake okonzekera mlengalenga, Tianhe, omwe adzakhala ngati malo okhala magulu a astronaut.Roketi yomwe idayambitsa gawoli idatulutsazapadziko lonse lapansipamwamba pomwe pa Dziko Lapansi angalowenso.(PomalizaadalowansoPanyanja ya Indian Ocean, ndipo zida zazikulu za roketiyo zidagwa pafupifupi mamailo 30 kuchokera pachilumba cha Maldives, boma la China lidatero.)

Ngakhale ulendo wopita ku Mars ndi maloboti atatu atatu, malingaliro a China akuwoneka kuti akhazikika pa Mwezi - komwe akupitako pulogalamu ya NASA ya Artemis.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, Chinaadalengeza mapulanikuti amange malo okwerera mlengalenga ndi kukhala pamwamba pa Mwezi ndi Russia, mnzake wakale wa NASA pa International Space Station.